144 with Marcionism, 318 with Arianism, 451 with the Oriental Orthodox, 1054 to 1449 (see East–West Schism) during which time the Orthodox Churches of the East parted ways with the Western Church over doctrinal issues (see the filioque) and papal primacy, and in 1517 with the Protestant Reformation, of which there were many divisions, resulting in over 200 denominations. The Catholic Church considers that major divisions occurred in c. Over time, schisms have disrupted the unity of Christianity. Noll, the "world's oldest continuously functioning international institution." This article covers a period of just under two thousand years. It is also, according to church historian Mark A. The history of the Catholic Church is integral to the history of Christianity as a whole.
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